How to Write a Cover Letter for European Employers

Does Europe expect a cover letter?

Yes — in most European countries, a cover letter (also called a motivation letter or Anschreiben) is expected alongside your CV. The exceptions are Scandinavian countries and some tech-forward startups where the practice is declining. When in doubt, include one. A strong cover letter can differentiate you from candidates with similar qualifications.

Country-by-country expectations

• Germany and Austria: Formal, structured, and expected. Address it to a named person. One page maximum. Explain specifically why you want this role at this company.
• France: The lettre de motivation is a formal requirement. French employers place significant weight on it. Tone should be respectful and formal. Handwritten letters are uncommon but occasionally requested for some traditional roles.
• Netherlands: A shorter, more direct motivatiebrief is standard. Dutch employers value honesty and directness. Skip the flowery language — get to the point.
• UK and Ireland: Covering letters are expected. Tone is professional but less formal than Germany or France. One page. Focus on your value to the employer, not just what you want from the job.
• Spain: A carta de presentación is standard. Warm and personal in tone. Demonstrating genuine interest in the company culture matters.
• Sweden and Denmark: Cover letters are common but less strictly formal. Clarity and brevity are valued. Many Scandinavian employers appreciate seeing personality.

Structure of a strong European cover letter

• Opening: State the position you are applying for and where you saw it advertised. Show enthusiasm without being sycophantic.
• Body paragraph 1: Why you are qualified. Highlight 2-3 specific achievements or skills relevant to the role.
• Body paragraph 2: Why this company. Demonstrate research. Reference a recent initiative, product, or news item that resonates with you.
• Closing: Thank the reader, express interest in discussing further, and sign off appropriately for the country.

Common mistakes across Europe

• Generic letters that could apply to any company
• Exceeding one page
• Using the wrong level of formality for the country
• Summarising your CV instead of complementing it
• Not addressing it to a specific person (always try to find the hiring manager's name)
• Writing in English when the job posting and company are in the local language

Sign-off phrases by country

• Germany: Mit freundlichen Grüßen
• France: Veuillez agréer, Madame, Monsieur, l'expression de mes salutations distinguées
• Netherlands: Met vriendelijke groet
• Spain: Atentamente
• UK/Ireland: Yours sincerely (if named) or Yours faithfully (if not)